Organisational Behaviour essays

Hierarchical Behavior papers Hierarchical conduct is the investigation of people or workers inside an authoritative situation, planned for giving the capacity to comprehend subordinate conduct. A firm comprehension of worker conduct and the variables and properties that impact this conduct will empower directors to distinguish what estimates will support elite and fulfill representatives. There are numerous measures and methods accessible to empower ideal execution and guarantee work fulfillment. We will analyze inspiration and strengthening approaches administrators should use to make a delightful workplace described by high performing representatives. The Macquarie Concise Dictionary characterizes inspiration as 1. A rousing; giving of a thought process; 2. giving reason There has been numerous hypotheses set up after some time that help directors to see how inspiration functions, and what representatives esteem so as to comprehend what measures can be utilized to persuade them, underneath is a clarification on a bunch of these speculations. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs presents the idea that people have shifting and various needs and takes care of these requirements of significance. Maslows plan recommends that a few needs have higher need than others and hence should be fulfilled before different requirements may fill in as helpers. (Wood, J.M., Wallace, J.P. furthermore, Zeffane, R. 2001 ). As appeared in the outline following, Maslow contends that the most squeezing need must be fulfilled before another, higher in the chain of command gets dynamic. At the most essential level, individuals have physiological requirements - needs stem... <!

Benefits and Cons of Home Schooling Research Paper

Advantages and Cons of Home Schooling - Research Paper Example These will in general think that its extremely hard to adapt in a workplace, and some even have issues getting business since they don't have the fundamental abilities to carry out the responsibilities which they yearn for. To battle this, numerous guardians are thinking that its beneficial to show their kids themselves, and this has made self-teaching well known with a development pace of ten to fifteen percent consistently. Insights show that self-taught kids will in general show improvement over those in state funded schools, however in spite of this there have additionally been contentions against it with some platitude that instruction isn't tied in with getting passing marks yet in addition about learning social aptitudes, which, the same number of feel, these youngsters don't have (Wolfe). In this paper, we will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of self-teaching, and toward the finish of it we will decide if it is the most ideal method of instructing kids. One of the advantages of self-teaching is the way that the understudies can examine whatever themes or subjects they need and for whatever length of time that they need while additionally covering what can be viewed as essential information (Ryan). This helps a ton while deciding their zones of intrigue and what field they might want to represent considerable authority in as the focal point of their further instruction. Since this is resolved early, self-taught understudies will in general work towards their life objectives at a previous age, and it is a typical thing for them to be finished with their instruction a lot sooner than their partners in state funded schools are. In addition to the fact that they are ready to grasp better what they are educated, however the possibility that they are being permitted to do the subject that they need to do goes about as a helper for them to work much harder. The fundamental training of a self-taught understudy can be finished between the ages of six and ten as per their capacity. This guarantees they have constantly they have to focus regarding their matters of enthusiasm until are knowledgeable in them or when they are prepared to do different subjects that have gotten their advantage. Instructive opportunity gives the understudy enough time not exclusively to consider what they wish at a particular time yet in addition helps in their psychological and scholastic improvement as there is no strain to do those subjects they would prefer not to do in a rush. Self-teaching takes into account the physical opportunity of the understudies required as well as of their folks too in light of the fact that their lives no longer rotate around school hours however are dictated by the measure of school work which has been set for the understudies for a specific day. In the wake of being pulled back from the state funded educational system, it is a typical circumstance for understudies to experience the ill effects of stun, however after the underlying stun is gone, in this way these understudies experience another feeling of opportunity, which they never experienced while they were in the educational system. They not just get the chance to have all the more available time on their hands since self-teaching isn't as thorough as the open tutoring, however they likewise get the opportunity to invest more energy with their families, which is a very viewpoint. This assists with advancing better comprehension between the guardians and their youngsters and is a bit of leeway over numerous understudies in the state funded educational system. Those in the educational system will in general have less opportunity of development since they need to work for extended periods of time each day, and when they get back home, they generally have schoolwork to do,

The Part Time Scientists Use MindMeister to Get to The Moon

The Part Time Scientists Use MindMeister to Get to The Moon Berlin based, Robert Böhme is a programmer with high aims. When he’s not working on projects for the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, he and his fifty-five person team from around the world, aka the Part Time Scientists, make up the youngest team competing to win Google’s $30 million Lunar X Prize. And they’re using MindMeister to get there. The team was invited to display their progress at the Berlin International Airshow this past June. As any aspiring rocket scientist will tell you, getting to the moon isn’t cheap. The Berlin Airshow served two purposes for the Part Time Scientists; exhibit and gather interest in their Google Lunar X Prize entry, and, meet and greet potential sponsors of the project. Naturally, the team planned on exhibiting their two moon rover prototypes at the show, but the exhibit is only one part of the final production. The Part Time Scientists  are just that; Scientists, and not event organizers. So when the time came to plan out their big splash, they turned to MindMeister. When faced with such an excellent opportunity, the Part Time Scientists knew they wanted to get this one right. With a shopping list of preparation items, “What do we need to put which item on display? Which services are available to exhibitors, and how do we get them? Etc,” the team wanted to collect and share data with all the relevant players. Ideally, they wanted all of this data in one centralized document, thereby eliminating duplicate work, as well as serving as a “did we forget anything?” checklist. “Its true that as soon as the event has started, the worst things are over But we still had to get to that point,” says Inez Mischitz, editor of the team. With so much riding on this one event, the team knew that it would take their collective brainpower to nail this presentation. To this end, they looked to MindMeister as a brainstorming and creation tool. Not only did the team address a number of “standard” questions and answers they were sure to receive at the show, but also used MindMeister to design the overall look and feel of the exhibition booth. As their name suggests, the Part Time Scientists are just that: Part Time. Therefore, they have no centralized office where they all physically meet. The ILA Berlin Air Show team, consisting of 5-8 people based in Berlin, Hamburg, and France converged via VoiP once a week for several weeks leading up to the exhibition. The team used these collaborative sessions to use MindMeister to map out every possible idea they could think of. Based not only on the collaborative features of MindMeister, but also the “available anywhere, anytime,” functionality, the team would insert ideas during meetings, between meetings, and sometimes from the road, or the air. Nearing the end of the planning process, the Part Time Scientists Berlin Air Show team had collected ten individual branches, each containing dozens of thoughts, ideas, checklists, and actionable items. “We had been making extensive use of MindMeister before, but I never received as many email notifications as I did during the weeks we were planning our booth,” comments Mischitz. When launch day arrived on June 9th in Berlin, the Part Time Scientist team put their mind map(s) to work. Arriving on site that morning, Inez comments, “All we had to do was ‘assemble the parts’ of our booth according to our mind map. Without a solid plan of action, or one done as a simple list, it would have been far too easy to overlook something.” The Part Time Scientists successfully displayed their project to over 225,000 trade visitors, as well as the general public. The team received quite a bit of attention concerning their Asimov Jr. R2 rover prototype, so much so, that Peter Hintze, Federal Government Coordinator of German Aerospace Policy stopped by to see what the team were up to. “When we started the Part Time Scientists, we would all gather around a whiteboard. As time went by and the team started expanding beyond regional borders, we quickly realized we’d need a better solution,” adds Project Leader Robert Böhme. “That was when we discovered MindMeister. We agreed on a partnership and we’re happy to say that MindMeister is one of our very first official partners supporting us in our goal to win the Google Lunar X-Prize!”

Definition and Examples of the High or Grand Style

How to Deal with Anxiety - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2346 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Ferris Bueller says it best Life moves pretty fast. If you dont stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it. What Matthew Brodericks character is basically saying this, life flashes before each individuals lives, they should all ponder about what has been going on and take control of themselves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How to Deal with Anxiety" essay for you Create order According to Stewart Stafford he says that Rejection puts you out of your comfort zone which is usually at your best. Rejection is tough and it is a way of life. There are many different thoughts that go into our mind How did this happen, Why did this happen, How can I make the pain go away, How can I make my life better. They have to face the facts, rejection happens all the time. For some of us we can move on after the first day, a few weeks, or even it can take a few months. There are many ways to conquer the mental mindset of rejection. However, it takes time. Individuals can get help from everyone around who truly do care for them. The people who think their mind is closed should their mind back up. Once he or she reads this, they will then realize that their life matters, they can move on from rejection, and they can have endless opportunities out in this world. There are many different ways to see rejection but it could by how he or she has confidence in their life to do somet hing for a change. MRI Studies have shown in the past that the brain plays a major part for people talking about their rejections. The brain has similar emotions to someone having feelings of rejection to someone having physical pain. In another study, researchers gave normal people some advil before talking about in issue that they had in the past. Once the research was all gathered up, the researchers found out that advil can help calm down the person of someone being nervous (Winch 2013). The sensitive pain is the main way that rejection can affect of how we feel good. Rejections can also hurt our state of mind, it can make us turn into a different versions of ourselves and that is not the people that they need to be. The worst type of pain that hurts them is doing harm to their souls. This can affect the people that we love but, it really affects with the person behaving in a negative manner. Having negative thoughts is not a good thing and those people need to move on from them. Bad thoughts can t ake them out of having a group of friends and make them feel like an outsider. Making those certain people act like outsiders can make them feel alone and thats tough. It can also affect oneself when they get upset or create violence and that is not a good. No one needs that to happen in their families, friends, or to people that they have never met. They do not deserve it. Rejection can make our intelligence quotient IQ lower temporarily (Winch 2013). The brain can affect the way we think in our decision makings, school, and even work. For a short period of time people can have issues trying to think about other stuff that matters to them. It can take a few days, months, or years till they feel better about themselves but it starts now. Rejection can be bad towards young women especially around the ages of being a teenager (13 19). Girls around that age can act very dejected, pressured, and issues with either eating a lot of food or not enough food. Rejection is always built in their minds and they must find different ways to learn from it and take charge from life. There are lots of different ways to getting out of rejection. A good way is to take notice of what all has happened and see that it is a bad situation at that moment. Rejection is a part of life and feeling the heartbreak is upsetting but it is happens. It is always good for people to speak out their minds to peers around them because it can make ones self reflect on what has happened. Avoid overthinking what has happened, because they would be putting a lot of blame against themselves or putting bad images to your head and that is not good. It is always good to talk with your family and friends because friends and family are positive people in your lif e and they will always have your side. Talking to people that have been positive to you in your lifetime can help the pain go down in more ways than you can think of. It is always better to talk friends and family because it makes the individual, the real being that they are. Also the peers want them to do good again like they have done in the past (Whipps 2016). Engaging in manual work or working out can usually soothe rejection. It is ok to allow oneself to feel whatever they need to feel because he or she can take it. It is not a bad thing because they can do it and be strong. They should not jump into anything that is bad. On the other hand try to take things slow and time will be on their side. If things dont go as planned it is ok, just move on from it. Another good thing is do your best to believe there is something better. What that means is to try to put yourself in a better mindset to do what you want to do. A persons anxiety can say things like What if they never get another job? or They are going to end up living with your parents forever and alone. Those people thinking it are having a hard time listening to it and it is difficult to move on from. Try to trick their mind by saying stuff like There is something else out there for me, I cant give up just yet, or This wasnt my right path. Those types of phrases can help but it all starts with themselves trying to do the things that they know they can do. In all, taking away all of the bad thoughts and putting the good ones first helps for most people. Making themselves have aspirations that there is more important things out. They do not have to do what they dont want to do even if that means if one person likes you, you can politely say Yes or Sorry, no thank you.Try to find so meone else or something else that matches with their interest. When dealing with rejection think of a few things. Just tell say that people have their opinions, it is ok, let it be their lost. Try their best to not take it to hard on themselves directly. Rejection can be used as a miracle that can not be seen. Be logical about it if he or she can do whatever to look for someone new who really cares for them, having no love lost between each other, and shows what makes them, them. Another way is to think about all the things that made them a different person. This helps with their mental state of mind. It would also help your mental state of mind if you also wrote down their emotions because it could make them feel better to get their emotions out (Goldsmith 2015). See it as the opposite person or jobs misfortune because they definitely do not see how great you really are. People need to learn from their mistakes because we accept helpful guidance and it can enhance upon us. It doesnt show that their broken but it is a good way to exist and understand them. Rejection doesnt mean there is something bad with themselves. It just means they got to work on each other first and then work on themselves too. Give them plenty of time to relax and feel the touch of reality again. Do not look at rejection as a way of that they are not the best at anything. In others way, look at the normal situation of existence and understand to care and support them. Do not ever give up because some people just want to stay in one place and not do anything. They could have thoughts of running away to another place, find a good paying job, and live a new life. However, some people may feel comfortable in a place that they have been living in for a while. For those people who get rejected they can feel like they dont have the ability to do certain things like they once did because they got their feelings hurt. According to this one girl named Sylvia, she has suffered anxiety and depression and here life has some issues along the way (DeMichiel 2018). She always felt like her life needed to take charge and move on on from everything. By giving up on life, she explains that you wont really know what all may happen in the years to come. So whatever you push yourself, do not give up on life, and chase your dreams. Therapy is a good way to heal rejection. Talking to a trustworthy friend(s), mentors or a helpful person in your family can be good when someone is disappointed with being rejected. However, some people can be very emotional to it and it may take them a while to move on from the discomfort (Goodtherapy 2015). Occasionally, this dilemma can have bad results like having thoughts of suicide, overdosing on drugs, or feeling misplaced in the world. These issues can be brought up and handled with therapy sessions. A therapist could give advice to understand why one person has a possible s ense for dejection and engaged to obtain individual progress to this extent. A few humans might embody the agony of dejection, thinking that there is an issue with the other person. On the other hand, they might understand why the person is not the way that they are. Constant reactions of rejection might point to intense feedback, like invasions or fights. These actions might have the consequences of more disconnecting a human. However, it could also have a bad result to those friends with someone that they know. Examining a persons thoughts with a psychologist can be good guidance to stop dangerous and thoughtful acts. Rejection can be quite baffling and guided towards uncertainty and subjective pain. Therapy can aid a person talking about their issues. If someone is constantly feeling abandoned, they might discover therapy to be beneficial in the examination of possible senses for never-ending exclusion of being by themselves. People who are afraid of rejection in the future or try to move on from a current situation might see that a psychologist can be useful and help them out with the whatever is going on. Couples counseling might be useful to people in a relationship because rejection topics involve the two couple and it could also be shown that rejection was used in the affair. One person in the relationship might not know the actions make the opposite person in the relationship feel on their own and therapy can guide us to why the person acts this way. The stories can impact how a relationship is going and it can be a good or bad depending on the situation (Whitbourne 2012). The therapy sessions can help the negative behaviors like violence both mentally and physically. The best thing to do is talk about it in a good manner and tell the person howthey truly feel. They need to be open and engaged to do things that they enjoy. The couple should always talk about the good between each other and be happy. When someone understands what is going on therapy can be aid with whatever is going on and it can help the unhealthy relationship between the two people and make their lives better aga in. One way to see that therapy works is by learning from someone who has taken therapy. Eddie is a guy who has gone to therapy for many different issues like stress and anger management (GoodTherapy). He tells a psychologist that he has been dating a lot of girls but he does not have any luck with the ladies. He is disappointed because he really wants a girlfriend and he wants his friends to be happy that he has someone that he truly cares about. The therapist asks if he likes dating a lot of girls. He says Yes, but I want to be with one person and not turn my head to someone else. I do treat women with respect but for some reason they are not drawn to me like I am to each of them. The therapist then says to Eddie, do you know which girl that you like. Eddie replies No because everyone that I met is special but Id like to be with just someone that cares for me then someone who doesnt care for me at all. The therapist then says that he should find out what that he needs to find some that is positive and makes him happy. Rejection can be really tough. There are two ways to handle rejection: those people can handle it on their own or there is the other group of people that need their family and friends to guide them with their journey of life. Everyone struggles with rejection if you take it for a short time period you will feel better but, if they take it a few months or a year it can be tough on themself. If they get the help they deserve, their life can feel better. Therapy can help a person or a group of people when life is not going right. Do not quit on life, take it one day at a time, and live life to the fullest. Trust in what he or she believe is right and they can make it happen.

Identify Some of the Factors That Make People Help Others. Free Essays

string(147) " state as it has been said that one allele would be incapable of encoding and identifying all the relevant information necessary \(Henrich 2001\)\." Identify some of the factors that make people help others. Who helps the most, and in what cases (whom) are they especially likely to help? Illustrate your answer with examples. Giedrius Statkus Department of Psychology, Keynes College, CT2 7NP Identify some of the factors that make people help others. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify Some of the Factors That Make People Help Others. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Who helps the most, and in what cases (whom) are they especially likely to help? Illustrate your answer with examples. Many different factors have been shown to influence people’s willingness to help others. The motive behind certain type of help can be certain rewards for helping however other types of help do not always appear to have a clear motive. This was noted by Comte (1875 as cited in Batson Shaw 1991, Baumaister Bushman, 2011) who studied the question of helping others, philosophically and suggests that there are two key types of help displayed by people. He describes these as either Egoistic Helping (EH) or Altruistic Helping (AH). The former refers to the type of help where an individual is clearly aware of a reward for performing the help, such as can be seen in some volunteers workers, whose clear reward is experience and recommendations. The latter however refers to situations where an individual’s willingness to help is unaided by any conscious reward. AH behaviour can be seen in such examples as helping a broken down stranger fix a car tyre on a road (Pomzal Clore, 1973 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011). The factors influencing the latter type of help are the ones mainly considered throughout this essay. However these factors have a varied effect on different people, this variation can be based on gender, age and other individual differences. It has been suggested that one major factor influencing the willingness of people to perform AH is empathy (Batson, Batson, Slingsby, Harrell, Peekna Todd, 1991). The theory suggests that individuals witnessing someone in need of help, as they are displaying distress or pain, will experience similar feelings themselves. This is supported by many studies (Baumaister Bushman, 2011) however of key importance are studies conducted via observing the process of empathy in the brain using Functioning Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) (Singer, Seymour, O’Doherty, Kaube, Dolan Firth, 2004). In their study participants were subjected to electric shocks while undergoing an fMRI scan, after that they had to watch as their spouses undergo the electric shocks. The scans showed that the brain’s responses were similar, for both conditions, and that witnessing the shocks and receiving them affected the same areas of the brain. Other studies have also found empathy between emotional states such as happiness or sadness and other situations (Singer, Seymour, O’Doherty, Kaube, Dolan Firth, 2004). Therefore this confirms Batson’s et al. (1991) suggestion that if an individual is witnessing someone in distress, he also experiences some distress and therefore helping that person would be the fastest way to relieve it. There are many other factors playing roles in influencing willingness to help, however many of them may also be explained via empathy. As these other factors may increase or decrease empathy which could result in increased willingness to help. The fact that reward in AH is not obvious is not to say that it does not exist. As mentioned previously the relieving of distress may be one form of reward experienced through AH. Other rewards to be considered may be the need for praise or some sort of award (Batson, et al. 1988 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011). Another motivation may be fear of punishment, often in the form of social disproval, the fear of people knowing you could of helped, but did not. This can aid understanding of AH on an evolutionary and survival basis. As in some cases AH may mean less resources or putting oneself in danger (Dawkins 1988 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011) it can be said that such behaviour is counterproductive to survival. Except in clear cases of close family AH, where the help would favour the survival of the helping individual’s genes either way. However modern human survival, and therefore chance of reproduction, is highly dependent on social acceptance (Coie, Dodge Coppotelli, 1982). Therefore avoidance of punishment, in the form of social disproval is often a sufficient reward for AH. Empathy can be seen as a major aspect of other factors influencing willingness to help too, for example it has been shown that people feel more empathy for people similar (Frans, 2008) and are more willing to help based on similarity between them and the person needing help, such as similar clothes (Eimswiller, Deux Willts, 1971 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011), personal values (Batson, Duncan, Ackerman, Buckley Birch, as cited in Batson Shaw, 1991) and other features. This may be because people are more likely to experience empathy for people who are ore like them instead of someone who is very different. This can be seen in Batson’s et al. (1981 as cited in Batson Shaw, 1991) study where participants who believed a person undergoing electric shocks held personal values that were very different to the participants’ values, were less likely to take the victim’s place and receive shocks instead of them. This is supported by the green beard theory, a term coined by Dawkins (1976 as cited in West Gardener, 2010) in reference to a theoretical gene that would encode the information of a green beard and make green bearded people more likely to help others with a green beard. In this theory the green beard is an example of an obvious visual feature. Although just a theoretical principal for which the relevant genes have only been observed in the study of micro-organisms (West Gardener, 2010) and other far less genetically complex, than humans, life forms (Fostner, Wensler Ratnier, 2006). It is suggested that a much more complex system may be a viable genetic explanation for the way in which AH is influenced by people with similar features. Although the theory is criticised in its current state as it has been said that one allele would be incapable of encoding and identifying all the relevant information necessary (Henrich 2001). You read "Identify Some of the Factors That Make People Help Others." in category "Papers" This however led others (Jansen Baalen, 2006) to suggest that, instead, a number of genes could encode some features of appearance, or a â€Å"visable tag† (West Gardener, 2010, p. 1344), and a separate, gene would encode the ability to recognise similarity and influence AH when it is recognised. For example it has been shown that people empathise more with close members of their family (Frans, 2007). As well as being more willing to help them (Burnstein, Crandall Kitayama, 1994). This was especially true for close members of the family such as siblings. The willingness to help was found to decrease as the family ties grew weaker. In all cases people were three times more likely to help close family members such as siblings than nephews and cousins, they were even less likely to help strangers or friends. This was especially true if the sibling in question is a monozygotic twin of the individual (Burnstein, Crandall Kitayama, 1994). The willingness to help for un-identical twins was considerably lower, by up to half as willing, suggesting that AH is an important behaviour for successful evolution and survival as it favours identical genes. This staggering difference between identical gene siblings and dizygotic twins could also be related to the green beard theory mentioned earlier. As the perfect visual tag for an altruistic gene to identify would, in the case of monozygotic twins, be a completely identical appearance. AH was also found to be dependent on age (Baumaister Bushman, 2011). For example Burnstein et al. (1994) found that people’s willingness to help young children of age 1 was identical to the amount of willingness seen at age 25. Overall, willingness to help was found to quickly reach a peak at the age of 10 and then steadily decrease as people get older. For the final recorded age, of 75, willingness to help had decreased by a quarter when compared to age 1. People’s health was also noted as an important factor in influencing willingness to help. It was found that people are more willing to help healthy individuals than those suffering from ill-health. This may be due to survival reasons as healthy individuals are much more likely to help the person in return and therefore increase their rate of survival. In cases of AH, it can be said that, the evaluation of ability to reciprocate may be performed unconsciously. The same concept applies to old and very young individuals who are also less able to reciprocate the help they receive. The attractiveness of an individual is also a recognised factor in one’s willingness to help (Harrel, 1978 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011). This is often hard to explain in regards to evolution and survival theories. One aspect considered is that attractiveness may be evaluated as health, as attractiveness and health evaluations have been shown to positively correlate (Taylor and Brown, 1988). However a study by Juhnke et al. (2001) found that attractiveness does not necessarily rely on physical features. He found people dressed more attractively are also more likely to receive help. A possible critique of this finding could be that in this case the more attractive people were seen as richer, and therefore their ability to reciprocate would be higher. This would however contradict Burnstein’s et al. (1994) finding, which demonstrates that people would be significantly less likely to help rich people than poor people across every situation. And although based on participants’ conscious evaluation of their willingness to help, the results are consistent across all participants and therefore suggest that Juhnke’s et al. (2001) findings were related to attractiveness, if not as the sole factor than at the very least more than the effect of a ealthy appearance. This finding is also more supported by the survival via reproduction theory since in some cases it appeared to have a sex specific effect, (Pomzal Core, 1973 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011) where male participants were found to be more likely to help females than males, especially if the female is attractive. They also report that males are more willing to help than females overall which is an important finding as this slightly contradicts Batsonâ₠¬â„¢s et al. 1991) theory, of empathy being the most important factor in AH as Davis (1980) has pointed out that females display a much higher level of empathy across many different AH related situations. This may be related to Dawkin’s (1989 as cited in Baumaister Bushman, 2011) theory. He proposes that willingness to help is directly affected by the loss incurred in the process of helping. Therefore although women may want to help more than males, as they feel higher empathy, they may be prevented by fear of loss. This is because most AH requires a form of loss of resources, time or putting oneself in danger (Batson Shaw, 1991) as only in cases of unconscious and reflex powered reactions are people willing to put their survival over the person in need of help. This sort of behaviour is most often seen in combat situations and almost never occurs if people are able to consider the threat posed to them (Batson Shaw, 1991) Individuals’ willingness to help people is affected by many factors as discussed. This can be seen in many forms. Some forms of help are motivated by feelings of distress caused through empathy. This coupled together with unconscious reward seeking and punishment avoidance influences people in making the decision of whether to help or not. Although empathy may be the predominant factor it is also important to mention that it is heavily influenced by other factors such as age, gender, family ties and physical or mental similarities. However empathy at times is affected by other factors such as the cost of helping someone. For example men are less likely to be helped, however are more likely to be willing to help than females. Females, although experiencing higher empathy and therefore maybe higher willingness to help are said to be more aware of fear of loss. This may also be influenced by the fact that males feel higher social expectations, to help, than females. Although another reason may simply be survival as the people most likely to be helped are often the same people who are most capable of reciprocating the help. In the case of 10 year old children and young adults receiving more help than elderly people or young children it may be because they can be said to be evaluated as having more chance of reciprocating this help. Same can be said for the health bias influencing willingness to help. Healthy people are more likely to receive help as they are more likely to have the ability to return the help. The fact that attractive people are more likely to be helped than less attractive people is thought to be highly linked to peoples’ willingness to help healthy people. Helping close family is also affected by health although the predominant factor here is the closeness of the family relationship. Children and parents are as willing to help each other as siblings who are significantly more willing to help each other than they are willing to help nephews, cousins or other family members. The only group more likely to help each other are identical twins, this evidence fits in with the selection of kin theory of evolution and therefore is most likely based on survival of the genes. Genes appear to be the most likely explanation for the fact that people are very likely to help individuals who appear similar to them. As suggested by the theory that certain genes may help their own survival by creating visual tags in people who share the same genes or by encoding recognition of similarity. This visual tag would be recognised by the other individuals carrying the same genes and therefore AH would be increased. When all the discussed factors are considered it can be seen that people’s willingness to help and their choice of whom they help, is motivated and influenced by many factors which all interact in a complex manner. References Batson, C. D. , Batson, J. G. , Slingsby, J. K. , Harrel, K. L. , Peekna, H. M. , Todd, R. M. (1991). Empathic Joy and the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 413-426. Batson, C. D. , Shaw, L. L. (1991). Evidence for Altruism: Toward a Pluralism of Prosocial Motives. Journal of Psychological Inquiry, 2(2), 107-122. Baumeister, R. F. , Bushman, B. J. (2011) Social Psychology and Human Nature (2ed. ). Belmot, California: Wadsworth. Burnstein, E. , Crandall, C. , Kitayama, S. (1994). Some Neo-Darwinian Decision Rules for Altruism Wighting Cues for Inclusive Fitness as a Function of the Biological Importance of the Decision. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 773-789. Coie, J. , Dodge, D. K. , Coppotelli, H. A. (1982). Dimensions and Types of Social Status: A Cross-Age Perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(4), 557-570. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 18. 4. 557 Davis, M. H. (1980). A Multidimensional Approach to Individual Differences in Empathy, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85-104. Foster, K. R. , Wenseler, T. , Ratnieks, L. W. (2006) Kin Selection is the Key to Altruism. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(2), 57-60. Frans, B. M. (2008). Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy. The Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 279-300. Henrich, J. (2001) Cultural Group Selection, Coevolutionary Processes and Large-Scale Cooperation. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 53, 3–35. Jansen, V. A. , Baalen, M. (2006). Altruism Through Beard Chromodynamics. Nature, 44(30), 663-666. Juhnke, R. , Barmann, B. , Vickery, B. , Cunningham, M. , Hohl, J. , Smith, E. , Quinones, J. (2001). Effects of Attractivness and Nature of Request on Helping Behaviour, Journal of Social Psychology, 127(4), 317-322. Singer, T. , Seymour, B. , O’Doherty, J. , Kaube, H. , Dolan, R. J. , Frith, C. (2004). Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain. Science, 303, 1157-1161. Taylor, S. E. , Brown, J. D. (1988) Illusion and Well-Being: a Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 193-210. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 103. 2. 193 West, S. A. , Gardener, S. (2010). Altruism, Spite, and Greenbeards. Science, 327, 1341-1344. How to cite Identify Some of the Factors That Make People Help Others., Essays

Self Improvement and Motivation free essay sample

If you ask a successful person about what made him reach his goal in life; he would most probably portray the importance of self improvement, motivation and self esteem. It is certain that you will have to face many problems in life, but to overcome them, you need to count on personal development and motivation. When it comes to self esteem improvement, you need to first realize your strengths and weaknesses. Let us know more about self improvement and motivation. Self Improvement and Motivation Self improvement and motivation are two of the most important things that you need to consider if you are thinking of excelling in your life. A majority of the problems in our life arise due to the lack of motivation and great emotional depression. To contribute to self improvement, you can get motivated by changing your mindset altogether. Following are some simple tips that will help you get motivated. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Improvement and Motivation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Self Improvement Work Only reading self improvement blogs and books will alone not help you overcome your weaknesses. You need to put these theoretical aspects to practice in your day to day lives. In order to make you feel better about yourself, think about the unfortunate people who do not have what you do have. This will surely increase the scope for self improvement in your life. You also have to sort out your strong points and weak points. Maintain what you can do better and improve on what you are not so good at. Have confidence in yourself that you can do things which you think are not possible, and most importantly be positive. Try to fight your fears and start to do things what you have always been afraid of. Make a proper discipline and follow it in your everyday life, which normally would include creating rules of healthy living and codes of conduct and even daily routines. Along with adopting all these things, you also should be in a motivational atmosphere. Try to be with friends and colleagues who encourage and have a good view towards life. To aid in self improvement, you should be able to adjust in every situation that comes in the way. Think about both sides of the coin, and even be prepared for unfortunate circumstances and how you intend to deal with them. Practice goal setting to reach success. Decide on a goal, set the time span, work towards it and achieve it. Doing so will really have a good impact on your positive thinking and personal development. Do not only let your mind be strong, also be fit physically.